OVAR/GEC Training Resources
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Bioterrorism and Emergency Preparedness
In the year following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the subsequent anthrax scare, key publications and reports called for training of the nation's health work force in the area of bioterrorism preparedness. Extensive reviews of the literature on bioterrorism revealed little information on age-appropriate care for older people exposed to the weaponized biological, chemical or nuclear agents that terrorists would use.
In the fall of 2002, the National Association of Geriatrics Education Centers (NAGEC) recognizing the need for information and training of health care providers to meet the need of older people, conducted a survey of what the nation's 46 Geriatrics Education Centers (GECs) were doing in the area of bioterrorism, and formed a Bioterrorism and Emergency Preparedness Committee.
The survey revealed that less than 50% offered any formal training in bioterrorism and only 10% had any geriatrics-specific training. This low figure becomes especially problematic when older people surveyed on this issue reveal that they rely on their health care providers and emergency departments for relevant information and care in the event of an attack by bioterrorists.
As a result of this documented need, HRSA awarded the OVAR/GEC and five other GEC's
(NYU, St. Louis University, Stanford University, Baylor College
of Medicine, and Case Western University) one-year curriculum development grants in Bioterrorism and Emergency Preparedness in Aging (BTEPA) by the Health Resources and Services Administration.
OVAR/GEC initiatives include a web-based BTEPA resources database, focus group research with elders and providers, designing interdisciplinary BTEPA curriculums, interactive video teleconference training for interdisciplinary health professions students and the KY First Responder PROACT Network, faculty/provider training through Summer Series on Aging Conference and faculty development, and public education through Kids in Health Careers and Radio Talk show.
Agency Emergency Plan for
Community-Based Organizations Serving Older Persons
(PDF
Format)
Emergency Plan for Individuals
and Families (PDF Format)
Red Cross disaster Preparedness
for Persons with disabilities (PDF Format)
Bartlett, J. (2003). Smallpox vaccination in 2003: Key information for clinicians. Clinical Infectious Disease, 36, 883-902.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smallpox information.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Public health emergency preparedness & response.
Medical management of biological casualties handbook (Bluebook).
5th edition. U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases.
Henderson, D. A., Inglesby, T. V., & O’Toole, T. (2002). Bioterrorism: Guidelines for medical and public health management. Chicago, IL: JAMA & Archives Journals AMA Press.
Henderson , D.A., Inglesby, T.V., & Bartlett , J.G. et.al. (1999). Smallpox as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. JAMA, 281, 2127-2137.
Kentucky Cabinet for Health Services: Department for Public Health.
Kentucky Epidemiologic Notes and Reports.
Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research
Center - Kentucky Terrorism response and preparedness.
May, T., Aulisio, M.P., & Silverman, R.D. (2003). The smallpox vaccination of health care workers: Professional obligations and defense against bioterrorism. Hastings Center Report.
Russell, P.K. Vaccines in Civilian defense against bioterrorism.
SmallPox exposure in a community
(PDF format).
Suspected smallpox patient checklist
(PDF format).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Risk assessment for food terrorism and other food safety concerns.
United States Government - 21st century complete guide to bioterrorism, biological and chemical weapons, germs and germ warfare, nuclear and radiation terrorism
[Computer software].
World Health Organization
- Smallpox Information.
Administration on Aging
- Disasterpreparedness manual for the aging network.
Administration on Aging. (2003). Disaster services and the elderly.
Bell, B., Kara, G., & Batterson, C. (1978). Service utilization and adjustment patterns of elderly tornado victims in an American disaster. Mass Emergencies, 3, 71-81.
Bolin, R. & Klenow, D. (1983). Response of the elderly to disaster. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 16:4, 283-296.
Carbonell, J.G., Assistant Secretary for Aging, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Statement before the Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate, February 11, 2002
.
Center for Disease Control
- Rapid assessment ofthe needs and health status of older adults after Hurricane Charley ---Charlotte, DeSoto and Hardee Counties, Florida, August 27--3, 2004
(vol.53/no.36-p837-840).
Center for Mental Health Services. (1999).Trainingmanual for mental health workers and human service workers in majordisasters.(2nd Ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services, Publication No. (ADM)90-538.
Cook, J.M. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder in older adults. PTSD Research Quarterly, 12 (3), 1-7.
Cook, J.M., Ruzek, J.I., & Cassidy, E. (2003, September). Possible association of posttraumatic stress disorder with cognitive impairment among older adults. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1223-1225.
Cowart, M. E. (1993). Disaster planning for older persons. Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy and, Department of Urban and Regional Planning. The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306. PI-93-16
Ehlers, A.,Clark, D.M.(2003). Early psychological interventions for adult survivors of trauma: Areview.Biological Psychiatry, 53,817-826.
Friedsam, H. (1962). Older personsin disasters in G. Baker D. Chapman (Eds.).Man and society in disaster(pp. 151-182). New York: Basic Books.
Friedsam, H. (1961). Reactions ofolder persons to disaster-caused losses. The Gerontologist, 1,34-37.
Huerta, F. , Horton, R. (1978). Coping behavior of elderly flood victims. The Gerontologist, 18, 541-546.
Kilijanek, T.S., Drabok, T.E. (1979). Assessing long term impacts of a natural disaster: Focus on the elderly. The Gerontologist, 19, 555-566.
Lewis, M. (2003). The frail and hardy seniors of 9/11: The needs and contributions of Older Americans.
Melchior, G. (Director), San Bernardino County , Department of Mental Health & California State Department of Mental Health (Producers). (1992). Voices of wisdom: Seniors cope with disaster. San Bernardino, CA: Center for Mental Health Services, Washington, D.C.
Melick, M., Logue, J. (1985). The effect on the health and well-being of older women. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 21, 227-238.
Monson, C. How terroristic acts may affect veterans.
(2003)
Norris, F.H., Phifer, J.F., Kaniasty, K. (1994). Individual and community reactions to the Kentucky floods:findings from a longitudinal study of older adults. In R.J. Ursano, B.G.McCaughey, C.S. Fullerton (Eds.).Individual and community responses totrauma and disaster: The structure of human chaos(pp. 378-402). Cambridge,England: Cambridge University Press.
O’Brien, N. (2003, January-February). Emergency preparedness for older people. Issue Brief. International Longevity Center.
Ostroff, S. (February, 2002). The CDC and emergency preparedness for the elderly and disabled. Testimony before the Senate Special Committee on Aging – NY Field Hearing. February 11, 2002.
Perry, Ronald W., Lindell,Michael K. (1997). Aged citizens in the warning phase of disasters: Re-examiningthe evidence?International Journal of Aging and Human Development,44(4), 257-267.
Phifer, J.F., Norris, F.H.(1989). Psychological symptoms in older adults following a natural disaster:Nature, timing, duration, and course.Journal of Gerontology: SocialSciences, 44, (6), S207-217.
Rochester-Monroe County Chapter. Special needs & concerns: Disaster preparedness for seniors by seniors.
Solomon, Z., Ginzburg, K. (1998). War Trauma and the aged. In J. Pomeranz (Ed.). Handbook of aging and mental health: An integrative approach (pp. 135-152). New York : Plenum Press.
Stewart, G. (2002). Natural and human-caused disaster: Caregiving for older adults.
Tierney, K., Petak, W., & Hahn, H. (1988). Disabled persons and earthquake hazards. University of Colorado Institute of Behavioral Science.
Ursano, R.J., McCaughey, B.G., Fullerton , C.S. (Eds.). (1996). Individual and community responses to trauma and disaster: The structure of human chaos. Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press.
vanZelst, W., deBeurs, E., Smit, J. (2003). Effects of the September 11th attacks on symptoms of PTSD on community-dwelling older persons in the Netherlands . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18 (2), 190.
Vinkers, D.J., Gusselkloo, J., Stek, M.L., Westendorp, G.J., & van der Mast, R.C. (2004). The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) detects changes in depressive symptoms after a major negative life event: The Lieden 85-plus study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, (1), 80-84.
Administration on Aging. (2004)Disasterpreparedness manual for the aging network.
Administration on Aging (2003). Disaster services and the elderly.
American Psychological Association Disaster Response Network.
American Red Cross.
American Red Cross. (1992). After a flood: The first steps.
American Red Cross. (1998). Are you ready for a flood or a flash flood?
American Red Cross. (1998). Are you ready for a heat wave?
American Red Cross. (1998). Are you ready for a hurricane?
American Red Cross. (1998). Are you ready for a thunderstorm?
American Red Cross. (1998). Are you ready for a tornado?
American Red Cross. (2002). American Red Cross homeland security advisory system recommendations for individuals, families, neighborhoods, schools, and businesses.
American Red Cross. (2002). Animal safety: Pets and disaster: Be prepared.
American Red Cross. (2002). Family disaster planning.
American Red Cross. (2002). Financial preparations.
American Red Cross. (2002). Special needs and concerns: Disaster preparedness for seniors by seniors.
California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services-Terrorism
Planning and Response.
Carbonell, J. G., Assistant Secretary for Aging, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Statement Before the Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate, February 11, 2002.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003, May 21).
Public health emergency preparedness & response.
Center for Disease Control. (2004). Rapid assessment ofthe needs and health status of older adults after Hurricane Charley ---Charlotte, DeSoto
and Hardee Counties, Florida, August 27--3, 2004.
Childress, J.F. (2003). Triage in response to a bioterrorist attack, in Moreno, J.D. (Ed.), In the wake of terror: Medicine and morality in a time of crisis. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
DeWolfe, D. J. (2000). Training manual: For mental health and human service workers in major disasters. Washington, D.C.: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Earthquake Survival Program. (2001). ESP focus/heat wave, 1-2.
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. Hurricanes, 33-38.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. Landslides and debris flow (mudslide), 61-63.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. Thunderstorms, 39-41.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. Tornadoes, 42-45.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. Winter storms and extreme cold, 46-48.
Felton, C. J. (2002, September). Project liberty: A public health response to New Yorkers' mental health needs arising from the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79, 429-433.
Henderson, D. A., Inglesby, T. V., O’Toole, T. (2002). Bioterrorism: Guidelines for medical and public health management. Chicago, IL: JAMA & Archives Journals, AMA Press.
Huerta, F. Horton, R. (1978). Coping behavior of elderly flood victims. The Gerontologist, 19, 541-546.
Kentucky
Cabinet for Health Services: Department for Public Health.
Kentucky Community Crisis Response Board.
Kentucky Epidemiologic Notes and Reports .
Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center - Terrorism response and preparedness.
Lewis, M. (2003). The frail and hardy seniors of 9/11: The needs and contributions of older
Americans.
McFee, R. B. (2002, August). Preparing for an era of weapons of mass destruction (WME): Are we there yet? Why we should all be concerned. Part 1. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 44, 193-199.
Myers, D., Grubbs, R. B. (2002). Psychology of disaster and terrorism: Trained community crisis responder course. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Community Crisis Response Board.
National Organization on Disability
- Community involvement: Emergency preparedness.
O’Brien, N. (2003, January-February). Emergency preparedness for older people.
Issue Brief. International Longevity Center.
Ostroff, S. (February, 2002). The CDC and emergency preparedness for the elderly and disabled. Testimony before the Senate Special Committee on Aging – NY Field Hearing. February 11, 2002 .
Pan American Health Organization. Gender and natural disasters.
Perry, Ronald W., Lindell,Michael K. (1997). Aged citizens in the warning phase of disasters: Re-examiningthe evidence?International Journal of Aging and Human Development,44(4), 257-267.
Rochester-Monroe County Chapter.
Special needs & concerns: Disaster preparedness for seniors
by seniors.
State Public Health Preparedness and Response Capacity Inventory (2002). A voluntary rapid self-assessment.
Stewart, G. (2002). Natural and human-caused disaster: Caregiving for older adults.
Tierney, K., Petak, W., Hahn, H. (1988). Disabled persons and earthquake hazards. University of Colorado Institute of Behavioral Science.
University of Kentucky - EMS response to terrorism awareness-level training: bioterrorism.
Glass, T.A., Schoch-Spana, M. (2002). Bioterrorism and the people: How to vaccinate a city against panic. Clinical Infectious Disease, 34, 217-223
National Center for PTSD. Disasters and terrorism. Fact
sheets for the public.
National Disaster Education Coalition. Winter storm. Talking about disaster: Guide for standard messages, 147-157.
Turner, R., Nigg, J., Paz, D. (1986). Waiting for disaster: Earthquake watch in California. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Communicating in a Crisis: Risk Communication Guidelines for Public Officials. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health and Human Services, 2002.
Wunsch-Hitzig, R., Plapinger, J., Draper, J., del Campo, E.
(2002, September). Calls for help after September 11: A
community mental health hotline. Journal of Urban Health:
Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79, 417-428.
American Psychological Association Disaster Response Network.
Bell, B., Kara, G., Batterson, C. (1978). Service utilization and adjustment patterns of elderly tornado victims in an American disaster. Mass Emergencies, 3, 71-81.
Breslau, N., Davis, G.C., Andreski, P., Peterson, E.L., Schultz, L.R. (1997, November). Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, 1044-1048.
Bolin, R. Klenow, D. (1983). Response of the elderly to disaster. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 16:4, 283-296.
Center for Mental Health Services. (1999).Psychosocial issues for older adults in disasters. Washington, D.C.: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services, Publication No.(SMA)99-3323.
Center for Mental Health Services. (1999).Trainingmanual for mental health workers and human service workers in majordisasters.(2nd Ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services, Publication No. (ADM)90-538.
Cook, J.M. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder in older adults. PTSD Research Quarterly, 12 (3), 1-7.
Cook, J.M., Ruzek, J.I., Cassidy, E. (2003, September). Possible association of posttraumatic stress disorder with cognitive impairment among older adults. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1223-1225.
DeWolfe, D. J. (2000). Training manual: For mental health and human service workers in major disasters. Washington, D.C.: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Ehlers, A., Clark, D.M. (2003)Early psychological interventions for adult survivors of trauma: A review.Biological Psychiatry, 53,817-826.
Felton, C. J. (2002, September). Project liberty: A public health response to New Yorkers’ mental health needs arising from the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79, 429-433.
Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., Riggs, D., Rauch, S.,
Franklin, M. (2004). Common reactions to trauma.
Friedsam, H. (1961). Reactions ofolder persons to disaster-caused losses. The Gerontologist, 1,34-37.
Galea, S., Resnick, H., Ahern, J., Gold, J., et al. (2002, September) Posttraumatic stress disorder in Manhattan, New York City, after the September 11th terrorist attacks. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79, 340-353.
Glass, T.A. Schoch-Spana, M. (2002). Bioterrorism and the people: How to vaccinate a city against panic. Clinical Infectious Disease, 34, 217-223.
Groopman, J. (2004, January 26). The grief industry - How much does crisis counseling help - or hurt? The New Yorker, 30-38.
Hall, M.J., Norwood, A.E., Ursano,R.J., Fulerton, C.S., Levinson, C.J. (2002). Psychological and behavioralimpacts of bioterrorism.PTSD Research Quarterly, 13, (4),1-7.
Herman, D., Felton, C.J., Susser, E. (2002, September). Mental health needs in New York State following the September 11th attacks. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79, 322-331.
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation.
Kilijanek, T.S., Drabok, T.E. (1979). Assessing long term impacts of a natural disaster: Focus on the elderly. The Gerontologist, 19, 555-566.
Lee, Ramonia. (1997). Healing connections: Ethnic perspectives on spirituality and mental health.
Litz, B., Gray, M. (2002). Early intervention for mass violence: What is the evidence? What should be done? Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, (4), 266-272.
Melchior, G. (Director), San Bernardino County , Department of Mental Health & California State Department of Mental Health (Producers). (1992). Voices of wisdom: Seniors cope with disaster. San Bernardino, CA: Center for Mental Health Services, Washington, D.C.
Melick, M., Logue, J. (1985). The effect on the health and well-being of older women. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 21, 227-238.
Monson, C. How terroristic
acts may affect veterans (2003).
Myers, D., Grubbs, R. B. (2002). Psychology of disaster and terrorism: Trained community crisis responder course. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Community Crisis Response Board.
National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. (2003).
Disasters and terrorism [Data file]. Available from National
Technical Service Web site
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PILOTS Database. Retrieved November 10, 2003 , from www.ncptsd.org/publications/pilots/index.html An electronic index to the worldwide literature on post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health consequences of exposure to traumatic events.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2002). Mental health and mass violence: Evidence-based early psychological intervention for victims/survivors of mass violence. A workshop to reach consensus on best practices. NIH Publication No. 02-5138, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. November 4, 2003
Norris, F.H., Phifer, J.F., Kaniasty, K. (1994). Individual and community reactions to the Kentucky floods:findings from a longitudinal study of older adults. In R.J. Ursano, B.G.McCaughey,C.S. Fullerton (Eds.).Individual and community responses totrauma and disaster: The structure of human chaos(pp. 378-402). Cambridge,England: Cambridge University Press.
Oriol, W. Psychosocial issues for older adults in disasters. DHHS Publication No. ESDRB SMA 99- 3323. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Mental Health Services.
Pan American Health Organization. Gender and natural disasters.
Phifer, J.F., Norris, F.H.(1989). Psychological symptoms in older adults following a natural disaster:Nature, timing, duration, and course.Journal of Gerontology: SocialSciences, 44, (6), S207-217.
Shalev, A.Y. in R. Yehuda (Ed.).Treating trauma survivors with PTSD: Bridging the gap between interventionresearch and practice.Washington DC: American PsychiatricPress.
Smith, E.M., North, C.S., McCool, R.E., Shea, J.M.. (1990, February). Acute postdisaster psychiatric disorders: Identification of persons at risk. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 202-206.
Solomon, Z., Ginzburg, K. (1998). War Trauma and the aged. In J. Pomeranz (Ed.). Handbook of aging and mental health: An integrative approach (pp. 135-152). New York : Plenum Press.
Turner, R., Nigg, J., Paz, D. (1986). Waiting for Disaster: Earthquake Watch in California. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
Ursano, R.J., McCaughey, B.G., Fullerton , C.S. (Eds.). (1996). Individual and community responses to trauma and disaster: The structure of human chaos. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
vanZelst, W., deBeurs, E., Smit, J. (2003). Effects of the September 11th attacks on symptoms of PTSD on community-dwelling older persons in the Netherlands. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18 (2), 190.
Vinkers, D.J., Gusselkloo, J., Stek, M.L., Westendorp, G.J., van der Mast, R.C. (2004). The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) detects changes in depressive symptoms after a major negative life event: The Lieden 85-plus study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, (1), 80-84.
Wooten, P. (1995). An interview with Sandy Ritz.
Wunsch-Hitzig, R., Plapinger, J., Draper, J., del Campo, E. (2002, September). Calls for help after September 11: A community mental health hotline. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79, 417-428.
Annas, G. J. (2002, April 25). Legal issues in medicine: Bioterrorism, public health, and civil liberties. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 1337-1342.
Annas, G.J. (2003). Terrorism and human rights, in Moreno, J.D.(Ed.), In the wake of terror: Medicine and morality in a time of crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Center for Law and the Public’s Health (2001). Model state emergency health powers act.
Childress, J.F. (2003). Triage in response to a bioterrorist attack, in Moreno, J.D. (Ed.), In the wake of terror: Medicine and morality in a time of crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cook, J.M., Ruzek, J.I., Cassidy, E. (2003, September). Possible association of posttraumatic stress disorder with cognitive impairment among older adults. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1223-1225.
Eckenwiler, L.A. (2003). Emergency health professionals and the ethics of crisis, in Moreno, J.D. (Ed.), In the wake of terror: Medicine and morality in a time of crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Garland, Brent (2002, March). Bioethics and bioterrorism. Journal of Philosophy, Science & Law.
Kipnis, K. (2003). Overwhelming casualties: Medical ethics in a time of terror in Moreno, J.D. (Ed.), In the wake of terror: Medicine and morality in a time of crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
London, A. (2003). Threats to the common good: Biochemical weapons and human subjects research. Hasting Center Report.
May, T, Aulisio, M.P., Silverman, R.D. (2003). The smallpox vaccination of health care workers: Professional obligations and defense against bioterrorism. Hasting Center Report.
Moody, Harry R. (2006, January 1).Transcending tragedy, transforming your future.
Moreno, J. D. (Ed.). (2003, May). In the wake of terror: Medicine and morality in a time of crisis. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Moreno, J.D., (Winter, 2002). Bioethics after the terror. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Orr, R.D. (2003, August 4). EthicalIssues in Bioterrorism. Bioterrorism email Module #12.
Pesik, N., Keim, M., Iserson, K. (June, 2001). Terrorism and ethics in emergency medical care. Annals of Emergency Medicine.
Upshur, R., (November 2003). Medicine and society: The
ethics of quarantine. Virtual Mentor. Ethics Journal of The
American Medical Association.
Center for Biosecurity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies of Johns Hopkins University.
Center for Mental Health Services.
Fothergill, A., Maestas, E.G.M., Darlington DeRouen, J. (1999). Race, ethnicity and disasters in the United States: A review of the literature. Published by Blackwell Publishers, Oxford OX4 1Jf, UK and 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148. Disasters 1999, 23(2); 156-157.
"The Great USA"
Kentucky Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation Services website "Coping:
Trauma and Terrorism Web Resources"
.
OMNI Bioterrorism website.
University of Kentucky Agricultural Weather Center.
University of Kentucky Medical Center Library .
Western Reserve Geriatric Education Center website "Elderly Preparedness: Bioterrorism and Emergency Preparedness and Response"
